Los Topic Maps son un estándar que se está implantando en el web y que posibilita la navegación conceptual. Tiene como finalidad normalizar los elementos y la notación utilizada para estructurar la información mediante la construcción de una red de enlaces semánticos que relacionen diferentes recursos informativos.
La navegación tradicional en la web se realiza mediante hiperenlaces que asocian unos recursos informativos a otros, es decir se realiza entre occurrences . Uno de los principales beneficios de los TM reside en la navegabilidad, con TM se puede navegar mediante hiperenlaces entre topics que no tengan un recurso asociado.
Otro aspecto interesante de la utilización de TM en la Web es la inferencia. Es decir los mecanismos por los que podemos obtener una información no explicita en el TM.
Los mecanismos de inferencia y la declaración de los distintos type del TM pueden mejorar en gran medida los sistemas de recuperación
Por lo tanto, las ventajas que tiene TM para representar la web semántica se resumen en:
- Los TM, pueden dar semántica a elementos que están en el web al organizarlos y describirlos, pero sin modificarlos.
- Perfiles de usuarios: mediante el scope y el theme permite adaptarse a distintas comunidades compartiendo recursos informativos
- Navegabilidad e inferencia mediante estructuras semánticas. Lo cual mejora no solo la recuperación de información, sino también la gestión del conocimiento y el mantenimiento de los TM.
- Fusión con otras estructuras de conocimiento, permitiendo una gestión descentralizada.
- Buena escalabilidad y compatibilidad para adaptarse al creciente número de recursos de información.
Para ampliar esta información se puede consultar el artículo "Panorámica y tendencias en topic maps" (http://www.hipertext.net/web/pag229.htm)
En cuanto a las ontologías decir que también están vinculadas a la web semántica. En el fondo, la Web semántica busca catalogar la información de los recursos web –páginas HTML, documentos PDF, vídeos, archivos de sonido– mediante ontologías (esto es, mediante el significado de las palabras), no mediante palabras clave.
Con las ontologías, los usuarios organizarán la información de manera que los agentes de software podrán interpretar el significado y, por tanto, podrán buscar e integrar datos mucho mejor que ahora.
Con las ontologías, los usuarios organizarán la información de manera que los agentes de software podrán interpretar el significado y, por tanto, podrán buscar e integrar datos mucho mejor que ahora.
Más información sobre ontologías en la web Web Semántica hoy (http://www.wshoy.sidar.org/index.php?2005/12/09/30-ontologias-que-son-y-para-que-sirven)
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